Simulating cross-sectional geometry of the main channel in response to changes in water and sediment in Lower Yellow River     

Wang  Yanjun  Wu  Baosheng  Zhong  Deyu 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):2033-2052

Journal of Geographical Sciences - To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes, it is essential to (i) accurately identify how past...  相似文献   

藏南错那洞穹隆早渐新世含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩的成因机制及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张志  李光明  张林奎  董随亮  梁维  付健刚  黄勇  曹华文  夏祥标 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(2):14-30

错那洞穹隆位于特提斯喜马拉雅东段,发育钨锡-铍稀有金属成矿作用。错那洞穹隆由上(边部)、中(幔部)、下(核部)3个构造层组成,分别以上、下拆离断层为分界线,其中在幔部强变形带中发育一套同构造变形的含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩。锆石U-Pb年代学表明,该套伟晶岩形成于33.7±0.4Ma(MSWD=1.12),为早渐新世岩浆活动的产物,明显早于穹隆中目前发现的淡色花岗岩(20～14Ma)。岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素测试结果显示:(1)错那洞早渐新世花岗伟晶岩为过铝质高钾富钠花岗质岩石,具有较高SiO_2(69.74%)、高Al_2O_3(14.58%)及较低的CaO、MgO、MnO、TiO_2的特征;(2)高场强元素及大离子亲石元素均呈现高度变化特征,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素;(3)Sr同位素初始值(0.696308～0.751604)与Nd同位素初始值(-11.48～-12.05)总体在角闪岩与泥质片麻岩之间,ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-5.4～0.1之间(主要集中在-5.4～-1.8)。综合研究表明,错那洞早渐新世含绿柱石伟晶岩是角闪岩与泥质片麻岩混熔的结果,其中泥质片麻岩的部分熔融起主导作用,其形成与藏南拆离系(STDS)的活动密切相关,表明错那洞地区新生代地壳深熔作用主要源岩在早渐新世已完成了从角闪岩向泥质片麻岩的转变。该同构造变形含绿柱石伟晶岩的发现,揭示错那洞穹隆的成穹作用至少在早渐新世便已开始。铍稀有金属可能在早渐新世已有了初始富集,而在中新世大规模岩浆活动中实现了巨量富集。  相似文献   

大气负荷对新疆地区地壳形变和地面重力变化的影响     

王海涛  王斌  王伟  章传银 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):189-194

基于ECMWF全球大气模型和中国地面气候资料日值数据集中新疆及周边的气象站气压数据，根据弹性地壳形变理论，采用移去-恢复法，利用负荷格林函数法和球谐函数法，计算新疆及周边区域2011~2015年大气负荷变化对地壳垂直、水平形变的影响，同时采用大气导纳方法计算大气变化对地面重力的影响。结果表明，大气负荷对新疆地区垂直形变的影响达到cm级，对地面重力的影响可达10 μGal；大气负荷影响具有明显的季节性。  相似文献   

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications     

WANG Kai  DONG Shuwen  YAO Weihu  ZHAO Tianyu 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(6):1731-1756

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.  相似文献   

Asymmetry in oceanic crustal structure of the South China Sea basin and its implications on mantle geodynamics     

Fan Zhang  Xubo Zhang  Weiwei Ding  Tingting Wang  Jian Zhu 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):840-858

ABSTRACT

We investigated the oceanic crustal structure and lithospheric dynamics of the South China Sea (SCS) basin through a comprehensive analysis of residual gravity anomaly and bathymetry combined with seismic constraints and interpretation from geodynamic modelling. We first calculated the residual mantle Bouguer anomaly (RMBA) of the oceanic crustal regions of the SCS by removing from free-air gravity anomaly the predicted gravitational attractions of water-sediment, sediment-crust, and crust-mantle interfaces, as well as the effects of lithospheric plate cooling, using the latest crustal age constraints including IODP Expedition 349 and recent deep-tow magnetic surveys. We then calculated models of the gravity-derived crustal thickness and calibrated them using the available seismic refraction profiles of the SCS. The gravity-derived crustal thickness models correlate positively with seismically determined crustal thickness values. Our analysis revealed that the isochron-averaged RMBA are consistently more negative over the northern flank of the SCS basin than the southern conjugate for magnetic anomaly chrons C8n (~25.18 Ma) to C5Dn (~17.38 Ma), implying warmer mantle and/or thicker crust over much of the northern flank. Computational geodynamic modelling yielded the following interpretations: (1) Models of asymmetric and variable spreading rates based on the relatively high-resolution deep-tow magnetic analysis would predict alternating thicker and thinner crust at the northern flank than the southern conjugate, which is inconsistent with the observed systematically thicker crust on the northern flank. (2) Models of episodic southward ridge jumps could reproduce the observed N-S asymmetry, but only for crustal age of 23.6–20 Ma. (3) Southward migration of the SCS ridge axis would predict slightly thinner crust at the northern flank, which is inconsistent with the observations. (4) Models of higher mantle temperatures of up to 25–50°C or >2% less depleted mantle sources on the northern flank could produce large enough anomalies to explain the observed N-S asymmetries.  相似文献   

The structure,depositional style and accumulation characteristics of continental margin with diachronous breakup in the northern South China Sea     

Yunfan Zhang  Jiangyang Zhang  Lijie Wang 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):1006-1018

ABSTRACT

A typical diachronous breakup developed in the South China Sea (SCS); the breakup has been unequivocally identified, and gradually decreases in age from NE to SW. To illustrate the influence of a diachronous breakup on hydrocarbon accumulation, we used seismic profiles from CNOOC, and analysed crustal extension characteristics, sedimentary style and source rock accumulation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Because of the diachronous breakup in the SCS, various tectonic units developed in different positions on the northern continental margin with different degrees of extension. The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) is closer to the central sea basin of the SCS and has been affected by regional tension stress for a longer time. Tectonic units of proximal domain, necking zone, and distal margin types developed, and the crust structure thinned from the land towards the sea. The Qiongdongnan Basin (QB) is closer to the Southwest Sub-basin. There are symmetrical proximal domains on the southern and northern sides of the QB, with a necking zone in the central part. It presents as an abandoned passive continental margin. (2) The PRMB exhibited rifted cells first, followed by canyon type extensional faulting and horizontal axial transportation, and then by a longitudinal shelf-slope sedimentary style. But the QB has only rifted cells and canyon type faulting stages, no longitudinal shelf-slope sedimentary stage. The major source rocks in the northern SCS become younger from east to west, and the sedimentary facies change from lacustrine facies to marine-continental transitional facies. (3) The diachronous breakup process ultimately affecting oil and gas migration and accumulation process. The PRMB is dominated by deep-water shelf break accumulation with deep-water fan reservoir bodies. The QB is dominated by canyon type accumulation with channels.  相似文献   

山东即墨地区下白垩统灰岩地球化学特征及沉积环境分析     

李曼洁  周瑶琪  周腾飞  辜洋建  曹梦春 《地质与资源》2020,29(2):126-134,125

为研究山东即墨周戈庄剖面下白垩统灰岩地球化学特征及沉积环境，对周戈庄剖面灰岩进行了系统的沉积学和元素地球化学测试.研究结果显示，周戈庄剖面灰岩样品中SiO₂和CaO含量较高，其平均含量分别为17.18%和39.10%，且SiO₂、Al₂O₃与CaO的值呈现负相关，表明灰岩沉积时期受陆源影响较大.微量元素中，Zr含量较低，Ti含量远大于碳酸盐岩中平均含量，表明其沉积作用主要受陆源影响.稀土总量丰富，重稀土富集，Gd和Eu显示轻微正异常，Ce轻微负异常，且Ce/Ce^*与Eu/Eu^*、ΣREE呈明显的相关性.MgO/Al₂O₃为0.33～0.74，Sr/Ba值为0.10～0.94，反映了陆相沉积环境.V/Cr值为1.64～1.92，Ni/Co值为1.83～2.45， U/Th值为0.48～0.84，反映了氧化沉积特征.MgO/CaO的值为0.03～0.14，Sr/Cu值为16.46～20.45，指示了干旱炎热的气候条件，表明周戈庄剖面灰岩沉积环境为炎热干旱的氧化陆相沉积环境.对周戈庄地区沉积环境的研究可以用来重建古气候、恢复古环境.  相似文献   

Main active faults and seismic activity along the Yangtze River Economic Belt: Based on remote sensing geological survey     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):314-338

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) spans three terrain steps in China and features diverse topography that is characterized by significant differences in geological structure and present-day crustal deformation. Active faults and seismic activity are important geological factors for the planning and development of the YREB. In this paper, the spatial distribution and activity of 165 active faults that exist along the YREB have been compiled from previous findings, using both remote-sensing data and geological survey results. The crustal stability of seven particularly noteworthy typical active fault zones and their potential effects on the crustal stability of the urban agglomerations are analyzed. The main active fault zones in the western YREB, together with the neighboring regional active faults, make up an arc fault block region comprising primarily of Sichuan-Yunnan and a “Sichuan-Yunnan arc rotational-shear active tectonic system” strong deformation region that features rotation, shear and extensional deformation. The active faults in the central-eastern YREB, with seven NE-NNE and seven NW-NWW active faults (the “7-longitudinal, 7-horizontal” pattern), macroscopically make up a “chessboard tectonic system” medium-weak deformation region in the geomechanical tectonic system. They are also the main geological constraints for the crustal stability of the YREB.  相似文献   

Characterization of partial melting events in garnet-cordierite gneiss from the Kerala Khondalite Belt,India     

Nilanjana Sorcar  Kumar Batuk Joshi  Elson POliveira  JKTomson  VNandakumar 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,(2):597-611

Phase equilibria modelling coupled with U–Pb zircon and monazite ages of garnet–cordierite gneiss from Vallikodu Kottayam in the Kerala Khondalite Belt,southern India are presented here.The results suggest that the area attained peak P–T conditions of^900
C at 7.5–8 kbar,followed by decompression to 3.5–5 kbar and cooling to 450–480
C,preserving signatures of the partial melting event in the field of high to ultra-high temperature metamorphism.Melt reintegration models suggest that up to 35%granitic melt could have been produced during metamorphism at^950
C.The U–Pb age data from zircons(~1.0–~0.7 Ga)and chemical ages from monazites(~540 Ma and^941 Ma)reflect a complex tectonometamorphic evolution of the terrain.The^941 Ma age reported from these monazites indicate a Tonian ultra-high temperature event,linked to juvenile magmatism/deformation episodes reported from the Southern Granulite Terrane and associated fragments in Rodinia,which were subsequently overprinted by the Cambrian(~540 Ma)tectonothermal episode.  相似文献   

阿尔金断裂带中段现今构造形变模式的InSAR研究     

邱江涛  朱良玉  王随随 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(8):783-786

利用2007～2010年间14景ALOS PALSAR数据及SBAS InSAR技术，获取阿尔金断裂带中段91°E附近现今地壳形变速率场，并反演该地区断层的滑动速率和闭锁深度。结果表明，阿尔金断裂中段地区的形变速率自北向南呈3个线性梯度变化区，分别为阿尔金山东段8～12 mm/a、索尔库里盆地6～7 mm/a、阿尔金断裂带以南约0 mm/a。3个速率梯度变化区主要集中在喀腊达坂断裂和阿尔金主断裂上；拟合的断层就位于金雁山南缘、喀腊达坂断裂南邻，走滑速率从西（7.1 mm/a）向东（14.0 mm/a）逐渐增大，闭锁深度自西(4.5 km)向东(10.6 km)逐渐趋深。结合前人研究推测，金雁山（阿尔金山链东部）与索尔库里拉分盆地组成的复合破裂构造模式，是转换断层运动时应力和应变调整的主要驱动机制。  相似文献